《计算机组装与维护实例教程(第五版)(微课版)》

第 1 章 计算机软硬件基础知识................. 1
1.1 计算机简介 ···························2
1.1.1 认识计算机························· 2
1.1.2 计算机的分类 ······················ 3
1.1.3 计算机的用途 ······················ 4
1.2 计算机的硬件组成···················5
1.2.1 主要内部硬件设备················· 5
1.2.2 常用外部设备 ····················· 9
1.2.3 计算机硬件的五大部件 ·········· 13
1.3 计算机软件分类···················· 13
1.3.1 操作系统软件 ····················· 14
1.3.2 语言处理软件 ····················· 16
1.3.3 驱动程序··························· 17
1.3.4 系统服务程序 ····················· 17
1.3.5 应用软件··························· 17
1.4 实例演练 ···························· 19
1.5 习题·································· 20
第 2 章 计算机的硬件选购...................... 21
2.1 组装机和品牌机的选择 ··········· 22
2.1.1 品牌机和组装机的优缺点 ······· 22
2.1.2 选购品牌机的方法················ 22
2.1.3 组装机的配置原则················ 23
2.2 选购 CPU···························· 24
2.2.1 CPU 简介 ·························· 24
2.2.2 CPU 的性能指标·················· 25
2.2.3 CPU 的选购常识·················· 26
2.3 选购主板 ···························· 27
2.3.1 主板简介··························· 27
2.3.2 主板的硬件结构··················· 29
2.3.3 主板的性能指标··················· 34
2.3.4 主板的选购常识··················· 35
2.4 选购内存 ···························· 36
2.4.1 内存简介··························· 36
2.4.2 内存的硬件结构··················· 37
2.4.3 内存的选购常识··················· 38
2.5 选购硬盘 ···························· 38
2.5.1 硬盘简介 ···························39
2.5.2 硬盘的外部结构···················41
2.5.3 主流硬盘品牌······················41
2.5.4 硬盘的选购常识···················42
2.6 选购显卡 ···························· 43
2.6.1 显卡简介 ···························43
2.6.2 显卡的选购常识···················44
2.7 选购电源 ···························· 45
2.7.1 电源简介 ···························46
2.7.2 电源的接头·························46
2.7.3 电源的选购常识···················47
2.8 选购机箱 ···························· 48
2.8.1 机箱简介 ···························48
2.8.2 机箱的种类·························50
2.8.3 机箱的选购常识···················51
2.9 选购显示器 ························· 53
2.9.1 显示器简介·························53
2.9.2 显示器的选购常识 ················55
2.10 选购键盘··························· 56
2.10.1 键盘简介·························56
2.10.2 键盘的分类······················57
2.10.3 键盘的选购常识················58
2.11 选购鼠标··························· 59
2.11.1 鼠标简介·························59
2.11.2 鼠标的选购常识 ················60
2.12 选购声卡和音箱 ·················· 60
2.12.1 选购声卡·························60
2.12.2 选购音箱·························61
2.13 实例演练··························· 61
2.14 习题································· 62
第 3 章 组装计算机详解..........................63
3.1 组装计算机的前期准备 ··········· 64
3.1.1 准备工具 ···························64
3.1.2 准备软件 ···························65
3.1.3 组装过程中的注意事项 ·········· 66
3.2 组装计算机主机配件·············· 66
3.2.1 安装 CPU ·························· 67
3.2.2 安装内存··························· 70
3.2.3 安装主板··························· 71
3.2.4 安装硬盘··························· 72
3.2.5 安装电源··························· 74
3.2.6 安装显卡··························· 74
3.3 连接数据线和电源线·············· 75
3.3.1 连接数据线························ 75
3.3.2 连接电源线························ 75
3.4 连接控制线 ························· 77
3.4.1 连接机箱控制开关················ 77
3.4.2 连接前置 USB 接口··············· 78
3.5 连接计算机外部设备·············· 80
3.5.1 连接显示器························ 80
3.5.2 连接鼠标和键盘··················· 81
3.6 开机检测 ···························· 81
3.6.1 开机前的检查 ····················· 82
3.6.2 进行开机检测 ····················· 82
3.6.3 整理机箱内的线缆················ 83
3.7 实例演练 ···························· 83
3.8 习题·································· 84
第 4 章 设置主板 BIOS........................... 85
4.1 BIOS 基础知识····················· 86
4.1.1 BIOS 简介 ························· 86
4.1.2 BIOS 与 CMOS 的区别··········· 86
4.1.3 常见 BIOS 分类 ··················· 87
4.1.4 BIOS 的功能······················· 87
4.2 BIOS 设置··························· 88
4.2.1 何时需要设置 BIOS ·············· 88
4.2.2 BIOS 设置中的常用按键········· 89
4.2.3 认识 UEFI BIOS··················· 89
4.2.4 UEFI BIOS 参数设置············· 90
4.3 升级主板 BIOS ····················· 94
4.3.1 升级前的准备 ····················· 94
4.3.2 开始升级 BIOS···················· 94
4.4 BIOS 自检报警声的含义·········· 96
4.4.1 Award BIOS 报警声的含义·······96
4.4.2 AMI BIOS 报警声的含义·········96
4.5 实例演练 ···························· 97
4.6 习题·································· 98
第 5 章 安装操作系统..............................99
5.1 硬盘分区与格式化················ 100
5.1.1 认识硬盘的分区和格式化······ 100
5.1.2 安装系统时建立分区和
格式化···························· 102
5.2 安装 Windows 10 操作系统······ 104
5.2.1 Windows 10 简介 ················ 104
5.2.2 全新安装 Windows 10··········· 105
5.2.3 升级安装 Windows 10··········· 108
5.3 安装多操作系统··················· 109
5.3.1 多操作系统的安装原则········· 109
5.3.2 安装双系统······················· 110
5.3.3 设置双系统启动顺序 ··········· 112
5.4 实例演练 ··························· 113
5.5 习题································· 114
第 6 章 安装驱动程序和检测硬件.......... 115
6.1 安装硬件驱动程序················ 116
6.1.1 认识驱动程序···················· 116
6.1.2 安装驱动程序的顺序和途径··· 117
6.1.3 安装驱动程序···················· 118
6.1.4 备份和恢复驱动程序 ··········· 120
6.2 管理硬件驱动程序················ 122
6.2.1 查看硬件设备信息 ·············· 122
6.2.2 更新硬件驱动程序 ·············· 123
6.2.3 卸载硬件驱动程序 ·············· 124
6.3 查看计算机硬件参数············· 125
6.3.1 查看 CPU 主频··················· 125
6.3.2 查看内存容量···················· 126
6.3.3 查看硬盘容量···················· 126
6.3.4 查看显卡属性···················· 127
6.4 检测计算机硬件性能············· 128
6.4.1 检测 CPU 性能···················128
6.4.2 检测内存性能 ····················128
6.4.3 检测显示器性能··················129
6.4.4 使用鲁大师检测硬件············131
6.5 实例演练 ··························· 133
6.6 习题································· 134
第 7 章 操作系统和应用软件................. 135
7.1 Windows 10 的桌面··············· 136
7.1.1 认识桌面··························136
7.1.2 使用桌面图标 ····················137
7.1.3 使用【开始】菜单···············138
7.1.4 使用任务栏·······················139
7.2 Windows 10 的窗口与对话框···· 140
7.2.1 窗口的组成·······················141
7.2.2 窗口的切换和排列···············143
7.2.3 调整窗口大小 ····················145
7.2.4 对话框的组成 ····················146
7.2.5 使用菜单··························147
7.3 设置计算机办公环境············· 148
7.3.1 更改桌面背景 ····················148
7.3.2 设置屏幕保护程序···············149
7.3.3 设置界面颜色 ····················150
7.4 安装、运行和卸载软件 ·········· 150
7.4.1 安装软件··························150
7.4.2 运行软件··························152
7.4.3 卸载软件··························153
7.5 WinRAR 压缩软件················ 154
7.5.1 压缩文件··························154
7.5.2 解压文件··························155
7.5.3 管理压缩文件 ····················157
7.6 ACDSee 图片浏览软件··········· 157
7.6.1 浏览图片··························157
7.6.2 编辑图片··························158
7.6.3 转换图片格式 ····················160
7.7 Adobe Reader 软件················ 161
7.7.1 阅读 PDF 文档 ···················161
7.7.2 选择和复制内容················· 162
7.8 暴风影音播放软件················ 162
7.8.1 播放本地影音···················· 163
7.8.2 播放网络电影···················· 163
7.9 QQ 网络聊天软件················· 164
7.9.1 登录 QQ 号码···················· 164
7.9.2 添加 QQ 好友···················· 165
7.9.3 开始聊天对话···················· 166
7.9.4 加入 QQ 群······················· 167
7.10 实例演练·························· 168
7.11 习题································ 170
第 8 章 计算机网络应用........................171
8.1 网卡································· 172
8.1.1 网卡的常见类型················· 172
8.1.2 网卡的工作方式················· 173
8.1.3 网卡的选购常识················· 173
8.2 双绞线······························ 174
8.2.1 双绞线的分类···················· 174
8.2.2 双绞线的水晶头················· 175
8.2.3 双绞线的选购常识 ·············· 177
8.3 宽带路由器 ························ 177
8.3.1 路由器的常用功能 ·············· 178
8.3.2 路由器的选购常识 ·············· 178
8.4 无线网络设备······················ 179
8.4.1 无线网卡 ························· 179
8.4.2 无线上网卡······················· 180
8.4.3 无线网络设备的选购常识······ 181
8.5 常用上网方式······················ 182
8.5.1 有线上网 ························· 182
8.5.2 无线上网 ························· 184
8.6 组建局域网 ························ 184
8.6.1 认识局域网······················· 185
8.6.2 连接局域网······················· 185
8.6.3 配置 IP 地址······················ 186
8.6.4 配置网络位置···················· 187
8.6.5 测试网络连通性················· 188
8.7 共享局域网资源··················· 189
8.7.1 设置共享文件与文件夹 ·········189
8.7.2 访问共享资源 ····················190
8.7.3 取消共享资源 ····················192
8.8 使用浏览器上网··················· 193
8.8.1 常见的浏览器 ····················193
8.8.2 浏览网页··························194
8.8.3 收藏和保存网页··················195
8.9 使用百度网盘······················ 197
8.9.1 使用百度网盘下载资源 ·········197
8.9.2 上传至百度网盘··················199
8.9.3 分享百度网盘内容···············199
8.10 实例演练·························· 200
8.11 习题································ 202
第 9 章 优化计算机............................... 203
9.1 优化 Windows 系统··············· 204
9.1.1 设置虚拟内存 ····················204
9.1.2 设置开机启动项··················205
9.1.3 设置选择系统时间···············206
9.1.4 清理卸载或更改的程序 ·········207
9.2 关闭不需要的系统功能 ·········· 207
9.2.1 关闭自动更新重启提示 ·········207
9.2.2 禁止保存搜索记录···············208
9.2.3 禁用错误发送报告提示 ·········209
9.3 优化磁盘 ··························· 210
9.3.1 磁盘清理··························210
9.3.2 磁盘碎片整理 ····················211
9.3.3 磁盘查错··························211
9.3.4 优化磁盘内部读写速度 ·········212
9.4 优化系统文件······················ 213
9.4.1 更改【文档】路径···············213
9.4.2 清理文档使用记录···············214
9.5 设置注册表加速系统············· 215
9.5.1 加快关机速度 ····················215
9.5.2 加快系统预读速度···············216
9.5.3 加快关闭程序速度···············216
9.6 使用系统优化软件················ 216
9.6.1 使用 Windows 10 优化大师·····217
9.6.2 使用 360 安全卫士 ·············· 219
9.7 实例演练 ··························· 221
9.8 习题································· 222
第 10 章 计算机常用外设.................... 223
10.1 打印机····························· 224
10.1.1 打印机的类型················· 224
10.1.2 打印机的性能指标 ··········· 225
10.1.3 连接并安装打印机 ··········· 226
10.2 扫描仪····························· 228
10.2.1 扫描仪的类型················· 228
10.2.2 扫描仪的性能指标 ··········· 230
10.3 投影仪····························· 230
10.3.1 投影仪的类型················· 231
10.3.2 投影仪的性能指标 ··········· 231
10.4 其他输入和输出设备············ 232
10.4.1 指纹读取器···················· 233
10.4.2 手写板 ························· 233
10.4.3 摄像头 ························· 233
10.4.4 传真机 ························· 234
10.4.5 移动存储设备················· 235
10.5 笔记本电脑······················· 237
10.5.1 笔记本电脑的配置 ··········· 237
10.5.2 苹果笔记本电脑·············· 240
10.5.3 笔记本电脑选购知识········· 241
10.6 实例演练·························· 243
10.7 习题································ 244
第 11 章 维护计算机安全.......................245
11.1 计算机日常维护 ················· 246
11.1.1 计算机适宜的使用环境······ 246
11.1.2 计算机的正确使用习惯······ 246
11.2 维护计算机硬件设备············ 247
11.2.1 硬件维护注意事项 ··········· 248
11.2.2 维护主要硬件设备 ··········· 248
11.2.3 维护常用外设················· 254
11.3 维护计算机系统 ················· 257
11.3.1 启动 Windows 防火墙 ········257
11.3.2 设置系统自动更新············258
11.3.3 禁用注册表 ····················260
11.4 系统的备份和还原··············· 260
11.4.1 创建还原点 ····················260
11.4.2 还原系统·······················262
11.5 防范病毒和木马 ················· 263
11.5.1 认识和预防病毒···············263
11.5.2 认识木马种类··················264
11.5.3 使用 360 杀毒软件············266
11.5.4 使用 360 安全卫士
查杀木马 ·······················267
11.5.5 使用 Windows Defender ······267
11.6 实例演练·························· 269
11.7 习题································ 270
第 12 章 处理常见计算机故障............... 271
12.1 常见的计算机故障··············· 272
12.1.1 常见计算机故障现象········· 272
12.1.2 常见计算机故障处理原则··· 273
12.2 处理计算机的系统故障········· 274
12.2.1 诊断系统故障的方法········· 274
12.2.2 Windows 系统使用故障······ 275
12.3 处理软件故障 ···················· 277
12.3.1 常见办公软件故障 ··········· 277
12.3.2 常见工具软件故障 ··········· 278
12.4 处理计算机的硬件故障········· 279
12.4.1 硬件故障的常见分类········· 279
12.4.2 硬件故障的检测方法········· 280
12.4.3 解决常见的主板故障········· 281
12.4.4 解决常见的 CPU 故障 ······· 283
12.4.5 解决常见的内存故障········· 284
12.4.6 解决常见的硬盘故障········· 286
12.5 实例演练·························· 287
12.6 习题································ 288